Sevilleta (Tzelaqui pueblo)

to Las Nutrias

The La Joya land grant is a long and convoluted story, cited here as concise as possible (and omitting many details).

 

Sixty seven individuals of La Joya were awarded a "community" type

Spanish land grant in 1819, partially for the defense given to travelers along El Camino Real. This was converted to a Mexican land grant in 1821. In 1848, the grant was recognized by the U.S. government under the terms of the Treaty of Higaldo (which stated Mexican land grants must be respected). However, when surveyed by the U.S., it was discovered the northern boundary of the La Joya land grant was also part of the Belen land grant, triggering years of legal disputes.  In 1891, the courts finally ruled the boundaries of the two land grants were in error and 11,000 acres were transferred from La Joya to the Belen land grant and the patents finally issued. This left the La Joya land grant with about 216,000 acres.

 

Shortly thereafter, some of the original grant descendants, believing they had a private land grant, began selling parcels of their land for farm and ranch land.  This was determined to be in violation of the Treaty of Higaldo, which states a community land grant can not be broken up or sold off without loosing the land grant status.  At the time of 1912 statehood, and loosing their land grant status, residents were required to pay taxes on their large land holdings.  Most were unable to pay the taxes and the land reverted to ownership by the County of Socorro.

 

The courts ordered Socorro County to sell the land for the back taxes owed, about $75,000.  In 1936, Gen. Thomas Campbell purchased the land for $76,750 as the only bidder.  He ranched and farmed the land for the next 30 years.  Before his death, he created a foundation to restore his ranch to the natural environment and wildlife.  The Foundation gave the land to the Nature Conservancy in 1973, who in turn donated it to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  Thus, much of the original La Joya land grant is now the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge comprising 230,000 acres, some of which is through other land acquisitions.

 

Though no longer a land grant, La Joya remains a viable community with many residents descendants of the original grant owners.  In 1936, Socorro County allowed the square mile of the town to remain as an unincorporated village.

Estancia de Felipé Romero is a well documented early 1600s

Colonial era homestead and ranch on the trail noted by many early travelers. The estancia was destroyed during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt with only ruins noted after that. Today, the exact location is unknown.

This large Piro pueblo was named Sevilleta (little Seville) by Juan de Oñate in 1598. It remained one of the principal Piro pueblos in the region after Spanish contact with the San Juan Obispo de Sevilleta mission church and convento built by the Franciscans in 1626. Sevilleta was abandoned during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt with caravans camping at the pueblo ruins (1700s) or neaby La Joya (1800s) for the entire usage of the trail, and thus a well documented landmark on El Camino Real. 

Click here for more information on Tzelaqui/Sevilleta pueblo 

Click here for photos of recent excavation work of the pueblo and mission by archaeologist Dr. Michael Bletzer

 

La provincia de los Piros Facebook page of the excavations 

There are very few visible remnants of the trail in this area due to extensive agriculture and human development.

Website courtesy of the Socorro County Historical Society (SCHS), P.O. Box 921, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 [SCHS home page]

>>Socorro-History.org/CAMINOREAL/La_Joya

The Camino Real Mapping Project
on these web pages

is the exclusive work of the